Technical advances have now allowed the measurement of the perturbational effects a single pulse of TMS causes on brain EEG activity. This allows to delineate how one brain target is functionally connected to distant cortical areas and this build effective connectivity maps. Exciting data from psychiatry and movement disorders neurophysiology labs have shown that such approaches allow to individualize discrete networks that are dysfunctional in a single-patient basis. This opens the possibility to “read” each patient’s brain connectivity pattern and propose individualised treatments. Such technological improvement additionally allows reading EEG activity of the brain target to be used for classical therapeutic repetitive (r) TMS, such as M1, and to deliver pulses based on specific trigger-patterns of the cortical oscillatory wave. “Closed loop” approaches have been used in other fields of neuromodulation such as spinal cord stimulation and deep brain stimulation and has provided exciting results in major depression patients treated by rTMS. In this translational and multidisciplinary TW, DCA will present the technical set up of these neurophysiological tools that are new to the pain field, and delineate the perspectives and initial data obtained by these techniques.